Statistically speaking, it is the little things that will get you in Chile. Most of the time it is the same little things that would get you back home (e.g. car accidents, a paper cut).
Think about where that foreign doctor gets his information to make a decision about recommending a rabies shot or anything else for Chile. It is likely something along this following chain or similar.
Chile reports to the World Health Organization or similar international body. It reports figures that likely takes Chile a year or two to collect and report (perhaps longer), the World Health organization takes another year or two to collect and report (perhaps even longer), then the governments gets those stats that they only compile every so many years (because they are doing this for the whole world) and it is placed on a list likely determined by relative threat when compared to other countries, they then release a recommendations through whatever government bureaucratic channels, those then likely go through various rounds of debate in the medical journals / universities / research labs, and then back to the government committees (this likely goes through the political and scientific wash cycle several times). The final recommendations then gets trickled out through things like the U.S. state department, with a required political spin attached to insure no one in the government is held responsible for not being sufficiently aggressive in their recommendations and at the same time important allies in whatever the issue of the day are will not be offended by impacting their tourism industry / trade agreements / whatever. Don't forget all this will be properly colored by the highly objective assistance of the vaccine manufactures on the one hand, and various government tourism groups for each country on the other. Most likely one of those things the Chilean government fails to properly appreciate is the economic impact on the tourism industry and does not allocate resources to keep up the lobby around the World (they hardly do any tourism promotion at all of any sort).
Finally, about 5-8 years after a actual case of rabies is detected in Chile (and chances are up to 10 years or more), that info is published and trickles down to your local doctor in whatever foreign country, that not having encountering very often people on their way to Chile or even South America for that matter, goes and looks it up in his dusty two year old medical journal or very stale government pamphlet that has exactly one sentence or less recommending that you be vaccinated for rabies in Chile (likely just a check box on a table of countries). So, yes, your doctor is most likely not an expert on rabies or any other thing in Chile. I am sure he knows what Rabies is, how to treat it, how diagnose it; but, unless he is an epidemiologist specializing in rabies in Chile as a hobby, he likely has little more information about the statistical prevalence of rabies in Chile, effectiveness of vaccine in Chile, availability, health care system, and so on than we do as laymen trying to make a basic decision about if we should get the shot or not (assuming someone that knows nothing about Chile to start with).
Here is the flip side of this hysteria. I walk in to the Temuco tourism office of the Chilean government. Sitting on the front desk, the first thing you see, is a big expensive pamphlet warning tourist about SARS. How very nice they are concerned about my health. Just one problem. They are still there 10 years after the SARS outbreak in China. As a foreigner the first thing that would pop in to my mind is, "is there a SARS problem that is not being reported internationally in Chile"? I want to kick the director of the Chielan tourism office SENTUR in the head for stupidity (long list of other reasons also).



